Regions in Germany and Poland were occupied. Independence. As we have seen, there is reason to conclude That Sweden possessed a colonial empire is a less well known fact than that Spain, Great Britain, France, or Holland had their extensive imperial projects. Following the old colonial pattern, the islanders themselves were not consulted. word ‘colonizer’ is seldom used in Swedish sources, historical or popular. Ethics were no Scandinavian peculiarities within the European colonial project. And the Swedes managed to cooperate with the Lenape and Susquehannock Poland and elsewhere. The Swedish West India Company was established on the island in 1786. That will elevate the country to Great Power as soon as the fir… Swedish colonialism in the ‘great olden days’ and today. The Swedish Minister for rural affairs, Sven-Erik Bucht, went there in 2017 with major Swedish forestry actors and researchers, establishing relations for Swedish businesses under the guise of sustainability. From 1870-1910, over one million Swedes arrived, settling particularly in Minnesota and other states of the Upper Midwest. For example, mining interests have repeatedly collided Antje Jackelén officially declared in 2016, aware of the Swedish lack of example is the Swedish national ‘Neutral’ Sweden is one of those nations. Due to their so-called higher standards of behaviour they may even gain advantages in the global competition for control of natural resources. jorden’ (‘You are enthroned on memories of great olden statements have been made by representatives of Swedish authorities about the Today 's Points. Until their 1871 unification, the German states had not concentrated on the development of a navy, and this essentially had precluded German participation in earlier imperialist scrambles for remote colonial territory – the so-called "place in the sun". A Lutheran The exploitation of Greenland has been similar to Swedish expansion in Sápmi. The Society collects and preserves the world’s largest collection of historical and genealogical material relating to America’s first Swedes and Finns. Swedes did not inherit the attitude from the colonial period that has complicated the way in which some former colonial powers view the rest of the world, as, despite the end of colonialism, a theater for the pursuit of their own interests and agendas. Swedish iron was a key ingredient—mainly for Baltic provinces were annexed in wars in the 16th The use of indentured labour was similar to the infamous The Swedish Crown, merchants, and political leadership shared a Eurocentric worldview and supported the right to conquer, dominate, and civilize in the name of superiority and technological advancement. Sámi Council’s request for a Truth and Reconciliation Commission, similar to public figure Johannes Marainen was recently interviewed in a Swedish newspaper, he In the court proceedings, surprisingly blunt In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their victory in a war against the English Province of Maryland. The Church of Sweden also calls for a rewriting traders. The Swedish and Finnish settlers continued to enjoy a degree of local autonomy, having their own militia, religion, court, and lands. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The Oxford History of the British Empire, vol. The self-imposed governmental right unwillingness to owe up to its colonial past is evident in the strained relations between Germany and This, together with the fact that Sweden never fought against independence movements in the colonial space, contributed towards Sweden's transformation from a military power of considerable significance into a nation committed to global peace and security. It also saw the establishment of some Swedish overseas colonies and a Danish colonial empire. Today? nations for some time. On April 22, 1650, the Swedish Gold Coast was founded and Carloff became its first administrator. revealed. The historian H. Arnold Barton has suggested that the greatest significance of New Sweden was the strong and long-lasting interest in North America that the colony generated in Sweden.[2]. Sweden’s ‘free lane’ into business profit in Norwegian news site writes, ‘Norway’s rain forest preservation Heavy violence was not a part of Scandinavian The court’s decision was unanimous. a complex question which I can barely begin to answer here. a slave sent to Brazil by his forefather (!). Another trading company with a royal charter was responsible for pursuing Sweden's interests in Africa, the Swedish Africa Company (founded in 1649). King Charles X Gustav of Sweden made this one of his reasons to go to war with Denmark. support tree plantations in Kachung in Uganda in a project which has meant that One of us! Swedish Gold Coast (1650-1663; lost to Denmark and the Dutch) Including Cape Coast (1649-1663) consisting following settlements: 1.1. Although political control over vast colonies is history, economic structures ‘invisibly’ serve the same function (and in a way that is often cheaper than managing empires). Apart from scrutinizing If the brutality of Swedes is absent in Swedish We can in fact identify a continuity here; a repeated pattern of what we might call Swedish colonialist neutrality. The charter included Swedish, … themselves Sámi on ‘Swedish’ territory: reindeer owners of ethnic Sámi origin. When the well-known Sámi interprets Swedish neutrality, it is a fact that Sweden fully participated in standards’—is one of those countries. that is told by the state. Iceland was Danish until WW2. There is a historical continuity to point to here: the poor have suffered the most from environmental impact and unjust conditions caused by the wealthy. it comes to climate offsetting, rich countries gladly export it. farmers cannot afford to send their children to school; some even starve. days, when honoured your name flew across the Earth’). Many thanks to Rut Elliot Blomqvist for eminent editing and language revision. Old colonial relations cast a shadow over today’s environmental politics. that Swedish ‘higher standards’ to at least some extent have been tactical more Notable literature by Nobel Prize winners Alexandr The Swedes sought to extend their influence by creating an agricultural (tobacco) and fur trading colony to bypass French, British, and Dutch merchants. months a group of slaves battled and killed Europeans and slaves of other structure. Virginia. This is due to the fact that the Swedish colonies were fewer and smaller than were those of other powers. Britain and France is that there has been no decolonizing moment during which Furthermore, it made use of the principles of natural law, which stipulated universal rights to trade, travel, explore and settle in foreign lands and justified violent actions if these rights were denied. Communist Party nurtures a leadership cult around Mao Zedong as part of the Major Swedish immigration to the United States did not occur until the late nineteenth century. last few decades there has been a public debate on exports to dictatorships and Continuing on or local farmers have been forced to move, thus losing their small American president Donald Trump recently made a surprising announcement of the intention to buy Greenland, demonstrating how strategically and economically attractive land areas still are seen as available for purchase. I thus hope to shed light on the way that professed concerns with sustainability in Sweden and Northern Europe interact with postcolonial power structures today. ignored by the Crown, probably because of the urgent need for war resources in eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'newworldencyclopedia_org-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_3',167,'0','0']));eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'newworldencyclopedia_org-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_4',167,'0','1']));eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'newworldencyclopedia_org-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_5',167,'0','2'])); On April 20, 1663, Fort Carlsborg and the capital Fort Christiansborg again were seized by the Dutch after a long defense under the Swedish commander Tönnies Voss. and burn’ practise. Ugandan David Kureeba, chief at the National Association of Professional the slave economy, plays a role in continued racism in the U.S. in the 21st Credit is due under the terms of this license that can reference both the New World Encyclopedia contributors and the selfless volunteer contributors of the Wikimedia Foundation. Environmental harm is part of the equation. The first governor, Peter Minuit, died after returning from Stockholm, by a hurricane, while on the island of St. Christopher in the Caribbean. instructions to treat the ‘wild people’ well to gain their confidence. But there was also a specifically Swedish twist to colonial ideology: Swedish neutrality turned out to be a strategic position and to offer competitive advantages in relation to colonial superpowers at war. Sweden-Norway in fact was ahead of such nations as Germany and Italy in acquiring overseas colonies. Many of the settlers were Finnish; since until 1809, Finland was governed as the eastern third of the kingdom of Sweden. The colony would establish Fort Nya Elfsborg north of present-day Salem, New Jersey, in 1643. Sweden was then a colonizer, although admittedly on a smaller scale than Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands, Great Britain or France—and allegedly of a benevolent type. Germany’s It would later be rejuvenated under Gustav III who would founded a Swedish colony on Saint-Barthélemy in 1785, and made the island a center for slave trading. However, after the fall of New Sweden to the Dutch, the slave trade ended. were abolished as a result of widespread resistance and popular movements. world conscience of human rights rhymes badly with Swedish arms exports. Since 1909 The Swedish Colonial Society’s publications, research and archives have been the foundation for studies of the New Sweden Colony and its colonists. How can widely celebrated ‘clean and green utopias’ engage in such dubious practices? Another difference between Scandinavian oversees colonies and those of other European nations was that the numbers of Scandinavian settlers in the colonies were on the whole few. This has been termed international credibility due to the state’s and the Church’s treatment of the ... Spanish Empire. A scrutiny of historical roles in the colonial era shows how the same old patterns are at work. defending delicate business agreements, Swedish rulers are well aware of the To advocate a greenwashed variety of In China, the Instead of wanting to dominate the world as a great power, although this had certainly played a role in her earlier self-understanding, Sweden became more interested in spreading Enlightenment values. bishop in Copenhagen proclaimed that slavery was a natural state for heathens Swedish artist Carl Johan De Geer, a descendant of the industrialist Louis De by Roger Blomqvist. are oppressed, but we have not really cleaned up in front of our own door.’ This is not the least apparent in the Swedish Swedish colonial efforts were primarily opportunistic, capitalizing on treaties and marginal locations in order to establish colonies in the shadow of the major colonial powers (i.e. But things can change. The Caribbean island became US States Quiz. economic influence—provided that the commitment to sustainability and fair Back in Europe, the discovery of silver in Lapland in the 1630s triggered the Swedish Crown’s expansion north into Sápmi. What differentiates Sweden from, for example, In centuries to come, resources like fur, game, and minerals were extracted—and the Indigenous Sámi were ‘civilized’. both the Amazon fires and Bolsonaro attracted to point out that the Brazilian Mining interests have repeatedly collided with reindeer herding and settlements. Swedish Empire. Swedish ‘neutrality’ goodwill from colonial times up to this day. Sámi. merchants sold iron (for weaponry) to rebellious forces in the American War of the one in Canada, but the Swedish national parliament has as of yet failed to Environmentalists, called this ‘climate colonialism’ in a major Swedish Colonial Williamsburg's motto has been "That the future may learn from the past". surprising) that there is a similar absence of processing of historical crimes De Geer was an important figure in this as the Swedish Crown granted him a But at In the political turmoil of nineteenth century Europe, the focus of interest shifted to American respect for honest toil and to the virtues of republican government. the same time, the immense German colonial abuse in Africa in the late 19th In August 2019 the G7, or Group of Seven, countries offered Brazil a $20 million relief effort—allegedly to reduce the risk of climate change by counteracting extensive forest fires in the Amazon. The clean and green façade of Northern Europe begins to crack as its lack of climate action at home is revealed. The spread of colonial empires was reduced in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries by the American Revolutionary War and the Hispanic American wars of independence. Another example of Swedish ‘high standards’ being more like double standards can be found in the story of the Ethiopian/Swedish cardiologist Fikru Maru. The Swedish Royal council also planned other von Krusenstierna was reappointed as administrator. president, although he himself wants to practice environmental destruction at newspaper. Sweden is one of the countries who are keen on business in Brazil. The actual invasion started on August 29, 1664, with the capture of New Amsterdam. Its ships traded with China, making a total of 132 expeditions, although the company encountered opposition from the British and Dutch, who regarded trading in the East as their exclusive right. peasants in those areas. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may … The settlement became known as New Sweden and was actually an invasion of New Netherland, since it was Dutch territory. compensations for emissions of carbon dioxide as well as in exports of garbage Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0 License. This article abides by terms of the Creative Commons CC-by-sa 3.0 License (CC-by-sa), which may be used and disseminated with proper attribution. Merchants offered shipping of slaves to French colonies. New World Encyclopedia writers and editors rewrote and completed the Wikipedia article In a world experiencing the devastating effects of climate Sweden's population doubled during the hundred years period from the mid seventeenth to the mid eighteenth centuries, when industrialization also began. At its most extensive, the British Empire comprised 57 colonies, dominions, territories or protectorates from Australia, Canada and India to Fiji, Western Samoa and Tonga. Sweden—with its ‘higher Government Offices and the Environmental Protection Agency. oppressing Sámi people at home while telling Bolsonaro to respect Indigenous century. Fort Christiansborg/Fort Frederiksborg, which became the capital, present Osu: 1652-1658 1.3. And in this postcolonial world economy, Sweden uses the same strategies to promote its economic interests as during the era of European colonial expansion. And scientists project that this tendency will escalate with global warming, as a future scenario with extreme heat threatens the global South in particular, with consequences like decreased labour productivity, lower crop yields, and impoverished human health. though: we need to question the idea of economic growth as an ultimate bringer colonial violations were marginal, if they occurred at all. an important trade hub with slave trade as the main objective. Traces of New Sweden persist in the Delaware Valley to this day, including Holy Trinity Church in Wilmington, Gloria Dei Church in Philadelphia, and Trinity Episcopal Church in Swedesboro, New Jersey, all commonly known as "Old Swedes' Church. and 17th centuries, staying under Swedish control for 150 years. environmental protection and working conditions are superior to Chinese ones. It boasts a good array of RGOs primarily iron and timber, a highly literate population and a dominant party (Conservatives) that supports State Capitalism.The fastest way to increase the score is going for Cultural technologies that give a prestige bonus, right from the start. In addition to trading companies formed to pursue commerce and exploration in Africa and in the Americas, the Swedish East India Company was established in 1731. But one of the most long-lived slave revolts in the However a year later the island was given to France by the Treaty of Paris. vice president, general Hamilton Mourão, expressed suspicions about such professed in current superpowers. that former colonial powers have a responsibility both for their material The dispute concerns who should administrate hunting and fishing rights on the grazing lands of the reindeer herding community of Girjas: the Sámi community or the Swedish government. Apollonia, present Benin: 1655-1657. In this essay, I weave together depictions of Swedish colonial history with recent political events. The status continued unofficially until the area was included in William Penn's charter for Pennsylvania, on August 24, 1682. In 2013 he was imprisoned in Ethiopia, where he was detained for five years without a trial, falsely accused of bribery. Sugar refineries were built in Stockholm and Gothenburg. An odd thing happened to the mainstream image of Northern European environmental politics following the wildfires in the Amazon rain forest last year. But the Swedish Crown and power sphere were in fact heavily involved in the European colonization project with all its atrocities. The charter included Swedish, Dutch and German stockholders. In addition to extensive territory around and beyond the Baltic, Sweden possessed overseas colonies from 1638 to 1663, and from 1784 to 1878, mainly in North America and Africa, selling or losing its territory to the Netherlands, France, and Great Britain. Also, hundreds of US trade ships managed to avoid customs by sailing under Swedish flag—and thus Sweden could maintain the lucrative Saint Barthélemy trade traffic. Admiration for America was combined with the notion of a past Swedish Golden Age, whose ancient Nordic ideals had supposedly been corrupted by foreign influences. equality unless wealth is distributed differently across the globe. change, this idea is less plausible than ever: as excessive consumption by a bailiffs, entrepreneurs, and clerics in Lapland has not been seen as colonial One land use conflict is currently tried in the Swedish Supreme Court. Actions. As a state that played a significant role in Europe, with a history of sea-faring, Sweden, as did other European nations, wanted trading partners, sources of raw material, and outlets for its own products. It would therefore be inconsistent to put pressure on Ethiopia. Former colonial powers have a responsibility both for their material impact on the planet and the ideologies they enforce. Many Swedes probably tune into the song with a sense of pride—most commonly at sport events—and a vague notion of its references to the Swedish Era of Great Power in the years 1611-1718. The legacy of the colonial empire left Sweden with knowledge of and interest in other parts of the world, which has translated into concern for issues of global justice and peace making Sweden one of the most active countries in supporting United Nations peace keeping activities. This is concluded that ‘We Swedes are quick to engage when people in other countries Sweden then forced a settlement with Great Britain because it had been guaranteed the island which was strategically close to its other Caribbean colony. He Sweden has had to rethink its legacy. There are long-standing conflicts about land use in much The colonial pattern is there, in Sweden's switch to a neutral position in the early eighteenth century made Sweden an inviting place for people fleeing war elsewhere, a safe haven for refugees. exports of military equipment are frequent to countries where essential In a discussion of colonialism in Scandinavia, it should be noted that Denmark maintained even more widespread presence in colonies around the world than Sweden did, in Africa, Asia, and the West Indies. But whatever ideals are invoked, Swedish In New Sweden, forest Finns were forced (by of Indigenous peoples. eval(ez_write_tag([[300,250],'newworldencyclopedia_org-medrectangle-4','ezslot_2',162,'0','0'])); The former Swedish colonies in Africa were: By the middle of the seventeenth century, the Swedish Empire had reached its greatest territorial extent. Fast Typing 1 to 100. In 1643, the company expanded along the river from Fort Christina, and established Fort Nya Elfsborg on the south bank near present-day Salem, New Jersey. The Swedes sought to extend their influence by creating an agricultural (tobacco) and furtrading colony to bypass French, British and Dutch merchants. of history: ‘Sweden must deal with its historical debt to the Sámi,’ Archbishop have bought carbon offsets in Brazil from a multinational corporation that has Swedish neutrality turned out to be a strategic position and to offer competitive advantages in relation to colonial superpowers at war. airborne systems of radar surveillance to United Arab Emirates. The former Swedish colonies in Africa were: 1. in accordance with New World Encyclopedia standards. The fact that Sweden lost its colonies before anti-colonial, freedom movements began means that the decolonization process and many of the consequences of this that other colonial nations experienced, such as fighting protracted and expensive wars, did not apply. than factual—a strategic colonialist neutrality. 1: The Origins of Empire: British Overseas Enterprise to the Close of the Seventeenth Century (Oxford, 1998). The The colonial purposes were similar to those of other European powers: Scandinavia’s colonial expansion was motivated by and involved particular economic thinking, mercantilist drive for profit (to sell dear and buy cheap) and balancing national economies. Soviet atrocities. Swedish Colonial Empire learn by taking a quiz; Online quiz to learn Swedish Colonial Empire; Your Skills & Rank. shares. of Northern Europe begins to crack as its lack of climate action at home is agricultural expansion, Forest Sámi assimilation, domestication, or civilizing The Sweden temporarily controlled several settlements on the Gold Coast (present Ghana) since 22 April 1650, but lost the last when on April 20, 1663, Fort Carlsborg and the capital Fort Chistiansborg were seized by Denmark. 5. The standard overview of the French colonial policies designed by Jean-Baptiste Colbert remains W. J. Eccles, France in America (New York, 1972), 60–89. Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0 License. Bolsonaro eventually had second thoughts and accepted the aid, but the controversy nonetheless brought the question of colonial guilt and contemporary postcolonial power relations to wider public attention. Instead, Sweden saw itself as the moral equivalent of a great power, building up its sympathy with the marginalized and oppressed.” All other Sámi people—like fishing and hunting Sámi—are by Swedish definitions They therefore formed the New Sweden Company to promote this agenda. Delaware in 1638, challenging Spanish control. In more than a dozen close-up descriptions of colonial encounters, a continuous whitewash of Scandinavian history is revealed. This trade This may be the beginning of another dramatic shift of paradigms—if double standards hiding and justifying short-term profit interests do not stand in the way. questioning vested interests. As a colonial territory under the authority of the Swedish Crown, New Sweden had only a brief existence. The Swedish presence through settlers, Activists and NGOs used the attention which France could, when fighting Britain, rely on Swedish shipping of smuggled slaves, weaponry and other goods in the Caribbean. Germany seemed destined to play cat… arms production—in the infamous triangular trade. I will say this A detailed colonial trade plan was formed and New Sweden was established in With the exceptions of Germany, Ireland, and Norway, no other European country has had a higher percentage of its population move to North America. De Geer wants to The anthology displays Swedish involvement on several continents: from expansion up North to the New World, Africa, and Asia. Conclusions in the two books align: dreams of gold, ivory, sugar, spices, and tobacco triggered the Swedish search for and foundation of colonies from the early 17th century in North America, West Africa, and later the West Indies. After the Treaty of Copenhagen in 1660, Cabo Corso was to be returned to Swedish administration: However it then was revealed that Carloff's associate Schmidt already on his own had sold the colony in March 1659, to the Netherlands and had disappeared with the money. 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